（五本松雨月）

Titled （五本松雨月）, 'Moon through Rain at Gohonmatsu' (or 'Five Pines, Rain and Moon'), this print combines two atmospheric conditions—rain and moonlight—at a named pine grove location. The presence of five pines (gohon-matsu) as a compositional framing device places the image within the meisho landscape tradition, while the pairing of rain and moon as simultaneous conditions invokes a Chinese and Japanese literary topos of melancholy natural beauty. Kiyochika's kosen-ga treatment of moonlight filtered through or veiled by rainfall would have required delicate grey and blue bokashi gradations across open sky and water areas, with the dark silhouettes of pine branches providing graphic contrast against a luminous ground. The atmospheric subject is among the most technically demanding in his landscape output.