「日本万歳 百撰百笑」「おか支那兵士 骨皮道人」

From the satirical series 'Nihon Banzai! Hyakusen Hyakushō' (日本万歳 百撰百笑, Japan Banzai! A Hundred Selections, A Hundred Laughs), produced under Kiyochika's pen name Kokkepidōjin (骨皮道人, 'Bone-Skin Hermit'). The subtitle 'Oka Shina heishi' (おか支那兵士) refers to fleeing Qing soldiers, rendered with the exaggerated, cartoonish proportions characteristic of this satirical war series issued during 1894–95. Published as low-cost broadsheets for urban mass audiences, these prints shaped public perception of the conflict through visual mockery rather than conventional heroic reportage. The simplified bold line work, flat color blocking, and comic figural distortion suited the rapid production cycle of popular war-era publishing. The series as a whole deploys caricature to ridicule Qing military forces and sustain domestic morale.