「日本万歳 百撰百笑」「地獄の大繁昌 骨皮道人」

'Hell's Great Prosperity' is the caption of this print from Kiyochika's war satire series Nippon Banzai: Hyakusen Hyakushō. Published during the First Sino-Japanese War under the pen name Honekawa Dōjin, the image likely depicts the Buddhist underworld — Emma-ō enthroned, surrounded by demons — receiving a flood of Chinese soldiers killed in battle. The conceit of hell becoming crowded and commercially busy due to mass enemy casualties was a recurring trope in Japanese wartime caricature. Kiyochika renders the supernatural setting with theatrical exaggeration, combining traditional iconography of Buddhist hell imagery with comic distortion. Bold outlines define figures against minimal backgrounds, and color is applied in flat areas typical of the series' format. Two prints in the Hanga collection share this title, suggesting Kiyochika produced multiple compositions on the same satirical theme, possibly released at different points in the war to mark successive Chinese casualties.