Making Chinese Soldiers Shiver (Shinbei no hiyakasare), from the series Hurrah for Japan! One Hundred Victories, One Hundred Laughs (Nihon banzai hyakusen hyashushô)

From the series Hurrah for Japan! One Hundred Victories, One Hundred Laughs (Nihon banzai hyakusen hyakushô), this print uses caricature to depict Chinese troops reacting with terror or comic distress to Japanese forces. The series title's pun—hyakusen (one hundred victories) against hyakushô (one hundred laughs)—announces the satirical intent. Chinese soldiers are rendered with exaggerated expressions and ungainly postures that contrast implicitly with the composed bearing attributed to Japanese combatants. Kiyochika contributed numerous prints to this series, which was among the most popular satirical productions of the 1894–95 war. The prints circulated rapidly as cheap topical entertainment, and their caricatural approach stood apart from both the heroic musha-e tradition and Kiyochika's own more technically ambitious atmospheric work.