Chimneys

Chimneys depicts industrial smokestacks, a subject that places this print within the modern urban and industrial imagery favored by twentieth-century Japanese printmakers. The title's plain English suggests a [sosaku-hanga](/glossary/sosaku-hanga) sensibility, where artists turned away from classical [kacho-e](/glossary/kacho-e) and [bijin-ga](/glossary/bijin-ga) toward contemporary observed subjects. Industrial views of this kind typically rely on strong vertical compositional elements counterbalanced by horizontal ground planes and skylines. Mokuhanga technique allows for solid, flat passages of pigment punctuated by carved linework, and chimney subjects are well suited to the medium's capacity for graphic silhouette. Atmospheric effects such as smoke or haze may be achieved through [bokashi](/glossary/bokashi) gradation, applied with a brush to the block before printing with the baren. Within Tagawa Ken's broader output — which based on titles surveyed appears centered on Nagasaki's harbor, foreign settlement, and modern infrastructure — Chimneys fits a documentary impulse to record the city's working waterfront, distinct from the older [meisho-e](/glossary/meisho-e) tradition of celebrated scenic places.