[Humorous picture showing Chinese religious practices (Raijin, the Japanese God of Thunder, ranting to a crowd of Chinese Buddhist worshippers)]

A satirical ponchi-e in which Raijin, the Japanese Shinto and Buddhist deity of thunder, appears before a gathered crowd of Chinese Buddhist worshippers. Kiyochika's humor operates on the premise of religious misrecognition — the Chinese devotees mistake the Japanese thunder god for a figure within their own tradition, or are shown unable to distinguish between divine traditions. Raijin is rendered with his characteristic drum ring and fierce expression, drawn from established Japanese iconographic convention. The crowd of Chinese figures is depicted in caricatural form consistent with other prints in Kiyochika's Sino-Japanese War series. This print reflects a broader Meiji-era tendency to cast Japanese cultural and religious forms as superior to their Chinese counterparts, framing the war as a civilizational as well as military contest. The composition uses multiple registers to separate Raijin from the worshippers below.