Red Wall (Akai kabe), from the series "Manchuria (Manshu)"

The 1945 Red Wall (Akai kabe) from the Manchuria series depicts the distinctive ochre-red earthen walls that characterized traditional Chinese construction in the occupied territories—the same building material as the Mud House but here seen from the outside, the wall's red-earth surface faded and weathered. The color contrast between the warm reddish earth and the cool sky above it gave the Manchurian architectural subjects a distinctive palette quite different from the cool blues and whites of his Japanese alpine prints.